The article explores modern approaches to monitoring harmful substances near industrial facilities using unmanned aerial vehicles. Traditional air pollution control methods – such as stationary gas analyzers, instrumental-analytical models, and ground inspections – are analyzed, with key limitations identified in hard-to-reach or hazardous areas. The relevance of employing mobile aerial complexes based on unmanned aerial vehicles is substantiated, as they improve safety, responsiveness, and measurement accuracy. A methodology for selecting measurement instruments to be mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles is proposed, considering constraints such as weight, power consumption, dimensions, operating temperature range, and metrological characteristics. Special attention is given to advanced sensor technologies and optico-physical measurement methods. Requirements for onboard measuring devices are formulated, and principles for their integration into unmanned aerial vehicles platforms are justified. The proposed solutions are aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of atmospheric air monitoring and reducing environmental and technogenic risks.