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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of risk management in the technosphere</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of risk management in the technosphere</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Проблемы управления рисками в техносфере</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1998-8990</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">121786</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.61260/1998-8990-2026-1-224-237</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Экологическая безопасность</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Environmental safety</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Экологическая безопасность</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">ASSESSING THE REDUCTION OF SOCIAL COSTS FROM CARBON EMISSIONS OF HYBRID VEHICLES</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ОЦЕНКА СНИЖЕНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ИЗДЕРЖЕК ОТ УГЛЕРОДНЫХ ВЫБРОСОВ ГИБРИДНЫМИ АВТОМОБИЛЯМИ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4725-5839</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Раков</surname>
       <given-names>Вячеслав Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Rakov</surname>
       <given-names>Vyacheslav A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>докторант технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctoral candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Вологодский государственный университет</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Vologda state university</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-16T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>16</day>
    <month>04</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-16T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>16</day>
    <month>04</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>2026</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>224</fpage>
   <lpage>237</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-29T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>29</day>
     <month>08</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-19T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>19</day>
     <month>01</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.igps.ru/en/nauka/article/121786/view">https://journals.igps.ru/en/nauka/article/121786/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В России, как и многих странах мира, обсуждается введение экономического эквивалента социальных издержек от выбросов углекислого газа. Это означает, что вред от любого технологического процесса, связанного с выбросами СО2, можно оценить в денежном эквиваленте, как и пользу от снижения этих выбросов. Следовательно, и затраты на любую экологически бережливую технологию могут быть оправданы в стоимостном СО2-эквиваленте. В связи с этим в статье сравнивается гипотетическое снижение социальных издержек от углеродных выбросов и снижение экономических издержек от использования гибридных автомобилей в сравнении с автомобилями, имеющими лишь двигатель внутреннего сгорания. При этом рассматриваются гибридные автомобили с последовательным, параллельным и последовательно-параллельным типами комбинированных энергоустановок. Также в сравнении участвуют автомобили, использующие в качестве топлива метан. В результате сравнения установлено снижение социальных издержек в стоимостном СО2-эквиваленте и снижение экономических затрат от использования более экономичных сравниваемых автомобилей. Использование гибридных автомобилей оправдано не только благодаря экономии топлива при эксплуатации, но и с точки зрения снижения социальных издержек от углеродных выбросов.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>In Russia, as in many countries worldwide, the introduction of an economic equivalent of the social costs of carbon dioxide emissions is being discussed. This means that the harm from any technological process associated with CO2 emissions can be estimated in monetary terms, as can the benefits of reducing these emissions. Consequently, the costs of any environmentally friendly technology can be justified in terms of CO2 equivalent. In this regard, this article compares a hypothetical reduction in the social costs of carbon emissions and a reduction in the economic costs of using hybrid vehicles compared to vehicles with an internal combustion engine only. Hybrid vehicles with series, parallel, and series-parallel combined power plants are considered. Vehicles using methane as fuel are also included in the comparison. The comparison revealed a reduction in social costs in terms of CO2 equivalent and a reduction in the economic costs of using more fuel-efficient comparable vehicles. The use of hybrid vehicles is justified not only due to fuel savings during operation but also&#13;
in terms of reducing the social costs of carbon emissions.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>углеродная эмиссия</kwd>
    <kwd>СО2-эквивалент</kwd>
    <kwd>гибридные автомобили</kwd>
    <kwd>экономическая выгода</kwd>
    <kwd>социальные издержки</kwd>
    <kwd>сравнение</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>carbon emissions</kwd>
    <kwd>CO2 equivalent</kwd>
    <kwd>hybrid vehicles</kwd>
    <kwd>economic benefits</kwd>
    <kwd>social costs</kwd>
    <kwd>comparison</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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  <p></p>
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