On the characteristic features of everyday and scientific types of knowledge, their interaction (interrelation and difference) in the historical aspect is studied. The problem is analyzed on the basis of historical and philosophical material. The difference and relationship between everyday practical and scientific types of knowledge is illustrated by examples of acquired knowledge from various fields of science. Particular attention is paid to the comparative characteristics of the language of science and the language of everyday knowledge. The analysis carried out allows us to avoid extremes – both the absolute opposition of these types of cognition and their fusion. The attributes of scientific knowledge – rationalistic elements (argumentation and proof, methodological approach, universality, etc.) – are complemented by irrationalistic elements (faith, intuition, etc.), without which no scientific research is possible. The use of the dialectical method of analysis can be a sufficient basis for criticizing anti-scientism and reduce the currently increasing intensity of criticism of science.