Emergencies related to soil pollution by oil and petroleum products are one of the most important problems hindering the achievement of sustainable Development Goals. It has been established that the number of accidents at the facilities of the oil and gas complex is at a consistently high level. Such accidents are accompanied with sufficient regularity by spills of petroleum products and their ingress into the soil. Relevant is to improve the system of monitoring and control of the state of the soil cover, which allows forecasting the occurrence and development of emergency situations. The features of oil pollution of the soil as a component of the environment are determined. The requirements for the monitoring and control system are presented. It is proved that it is advisable to use the arbitration method of infrared spectroscopy and the method of molecular luminescence to study soils for the content of petroleum products. The areas of application of the methods, the main limitations and ways to overcome them are determined. Based on the conducted experiments, correlations between the results obtained by the two presented methods were established and their analysis was carried out. The possibility of determining the concentrations of organic substances in the soil that make up the natural background has been experimentally confirmed. The expediency of rationing petroleum products in the soil at the local level has been determined. The concept of selective detection of technogenic oil pollution against the background of organic substances contained in soils is presented. The parameters of rationing the content of petroleum products in the soil in the local area have been determined.