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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Scientific and analytical journal «Vestnik Saint-Petersburg university of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia»</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Scientific and analytical journal «Vestnik Saint-Petersburg university of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia»</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Научно-аналитический журнал &quot;Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета ГПС МЧС России&quot;</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2218-130X</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">105634</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.61260/2218-130X-2025-3-136-146</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ИНФОРМАТИКА, ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНАЯ ТЕХНИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>INFORMATICS, COMPUTER ENGINEERING AND CONTROL</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ИНФОРМАТИКА, ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНАЯ ТЕХНИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS IN EMERGENCY SECURITY: A RESEARCH REVIEW AND OPPORTUNITY ANALYSIS</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ БОЛЬШИХ ЯЗЫКОВЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ В ОБЛАСТИ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЯХ: ОБЗОР ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ И АНАЛИЗ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0778-3218</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Матвеев</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Matveev</surname>
       <given-names>Alexandr V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>fcvega_10@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Иванов</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ivanov</surname>
       <given-names>Alexander Yu.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>alexandr.y@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский университет ГПС МЧС России</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg university of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia</institution>
     <city>Saint-Petersburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный морской технический университет</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State marine technical university</institution>
     <city>Saint-Petersburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-23T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>23</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-23T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>23</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>2025</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>136</fpage>
   <lpage>146</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-06T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>06</day>
     <month>08</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-22T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>22</day>
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.igps.ru/en/nauka/article/105634/view">https://journals.igps.ru/en/nauka/article/105634/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Современные технологии искусственного интеллекта, в частности большие языковые модели, демонстрируют значительный потенциал для трансформации подходов к обеспечению безопасности в чрезвычайных ситуациях. Целью данной статьи является аналитический обзор и оценка возможностей использования больших языковых моделей в сфере обеспечения безопасности в чрезвычайных ситуациях. &#13;
На основе проведенного обзора в статье систематизированы и детально проанализированы такие перспективные направления применения больших языковых моделей, как: автоматизация обработки экстренных сообщений и звонков, создание интеллектуальных чат-ботов и виртуальных ассистентов для населения и специалистов в области безопасности, планирование и поддержка принятия решений; анализ данных социальных сетей для повышения ситуационной осведомленности; работа с многомодальными данными; разработка узкоспециализированных моделей для конкретных предметных областей (лесных пожары, эвакуация и др.); интеграция с экспертными системами и базами знаний; обучение и подготовка персонала.&#13;
Особое внимание уделено анализу преимуществ и критических ограничений технологий, таких как проблема «галлюцинаций» больших языковых моделей, и путям их минимизации, Подчеркивается значимость адаптации моделей к национальным особенностям, включая особенности языка, нормативно-правовую базу и локальные риски.&#13;
Значимость исследования заключается в том, что оно формирует целостное представление о текущем уровне развития и будущих траекториях интеграции больших языковых моделей в систему обеспечения безопасности в чрезвычайных ситуациях. Работа обосновывает, что грамотное внедрение языковых моделей способно существенно повысить оперативность реагирования, обоснованность управленческих решений и эффективность межведомственного взаимодействия, выступая мощным инструментом интеллектуальной поддержки при принятии решений в области обеспечения безопасности.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Modern artificial intelligence technologies, particularly large language models, demonstrate significant potential for transforming approaches to emergency safety. The purpose of this article is to provide an analytical review and assess the potential for using large language models in emergency safety.&#13;
Based on this review, the article systematizes and analyzes in detail promising areas of large language models application, including: automation of emergency message and call processing; creation of intelligent chatbots and virtual assistants for the public and security professionals; planning and decision support; social media data analysis to improve situational awareness; working with multimodal data; development of highly specialized models for specific subject areas (forest fires, evacuation, etc.); integration with expert systems and knowledge bases; and personnel training.&#13;
Particular attention is paid to analyzing the advantages and critical limitations of these technologies, such as the problem of large language models «hallucinations», and ways to minimize them. The importance of adapting models to national specifics, including language features, regulatory frameworks, and local risks, is emphasized.&#13;
The significance of this study lies in its ability to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current level of development and future trajectories of large language models integration into emergency safety systems. The study demonstrates that the proper implementation of language models can significantly improve response times, the validity of management decisions, and the effectiveness of interagency cooperation, serving as a powerful tool for intellectual support in decision-making in the field of security.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>большие языковые модели</kwd>
    <kwd>безопасность в чрезвычайных ситуациях</kwd>
    <kwd>интеллектуальная поддержка принятия решений</kwd>
    <kwd>обработки естественного языка</kwd>
    <kwd>трансформер</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>large language models</kwd>
    <kwd>emergency safety</kwd>
    <kwd>intelligent decision support</kwd>
    <kwd>natural language processing</kwd>
    <kwd>transformer</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
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