In addition to the traditional identification of the mechanism of occurrence and development of a fire, the conditions that contributed to the occurrence of consequences in the form of property damage are established in the range of circumstances established in the resolution of fire cases in any proceedings (criminal, administrative, civil or arbitration). The palette of these conditions is diverse and assumes, most often, the fire-fighting condition of the object before the fire. However, recently the number of questions on the analysis of actions aimed at extinguishing a fire has been increasing. The article will consider the factual grounds for claims against participants in extinguishing a fire, sources of evidence from the plaintiffs, justifications for the insolvency of claims against participants in extinguishing, and recommendations aimed at recognizing the actions of firefighters as justified, permissible, and necessary in the specific conditions of a real fire.