The author, analyzing doctrinal sources, the norms of law and judicial practice, concludes that the principle of combining public and private principles underlies the legal regulation of compensations and benefits by voluntary firefighters. This is a harmonious combination of the author began to substantiate the need to ensure national security, the element of which is fire safety, in which voluntary fire protection contributes. And on the other hand, the state, providing additional guarantees, compensations and benefits to voluntary firefighters, pays tribute to their dangerous work related to the need to risk their lives, to expose their health and life to danger in extinguishing fires. The result of the author's research is his proposal to improve the legislation.