<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">NATURAL AND MAN-MADE RISKS (PHYSICO-MATHEMATICAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS)</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">NATURAL AND MAN-MADE RISKS (PHYSICO-MATHEMATICAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS)</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ПРИРОДНЫЕ И ТЕХНОГЕННЫЕ РИСКИ (ФИЗИКО-МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ И ПРИКЛАДНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ)</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2307-7476</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">68589</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ГЛАВНАЯ РУБРИКА</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>MAIN RUBRIC</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ГЛАВНАЯ РУБРИКА</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">IR SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE WATER FUEL MICROEMULSION FOR TRANSPORT</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ИК-СПЕКТРОСКОПИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРОЕНИЯ ВОДНО-ТОПЛИВНОЙ МИКРОЭМУЛЬСИИ ДЛЯ ТРАНСПОРТА</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ложкин</surname>
       <given-names>В Н</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Logkin</surname>
       <given-names>V N</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Морозов</surname>
       <given-names>В А</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Morozov</surname>
       <given-names>V A</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Веттегрень</surname>
       <given-names>В И</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Vettegren</surname>
       <given-names>V I</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Пименов</surname>
       <given-names>Ю А</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Pimenov</surname>
       <given-names>Y F</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Мамалимов</surname>
       <given-names>Р И</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Mamalimov</surname>
       <given-names>R I</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский университет ГПС МЧС России</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg university of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский университет ГПС МЧС России</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg university of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Физико-технический институт им. А.Ф. Иоффе Российской академии наук</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Ioffe physical technical institute of Russian academy of sciences</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт (технический университет)</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg state technologycal institute (technical university)</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Физико-технический институт им. А.Ф. Иоффе Российской академии наук</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Ioffe physical technical institute of Russian academy of sciences</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-06-25T15:01:20+04:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2014</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-06-25T15:01:20+04:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2014</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>2014</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>30</fpage>
   <lpage>33</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2014-06-12T15:01:20+04:00">
     <day>12</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2014</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2014-06-20T15:01:20+04:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2014</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.igps.ru/en/nauka/article/68589/view">https://journals.igps.ru/en/nauka/article/68589/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>При помощи инфракрасной спектроскопии исследовано строение микроэмульсии из поверхностно активного вещества (олеата натрия) и капель воды с линейными размерами 1-3 мкм. Она используется в качестве стабилизатора для балластированных водой топлив, предназначенных для транспортных двигателей внутреннего сгорания (ДВС). Установлено, что в микроэмульсии олеат натрия диссоциирован на положительно заряженный ион Na+ и отрицательно заряженный ион остальной части молекулы. Последний ион вступает в водородную связь с молекулой воды. Это способствует уменьшению энергии диссоциации водородных связей между остальными молекулами воды и уменьшению энергии ее испарения в камерах сгорания ДВС.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Using infrared spectroscopy, the structure of the microemulsion was investigated of surfactant (sodium oleate) and water drops with the linear dimensions of 1-3 microns . It is used as a stabilizer for a vehicle internal combustion engines (ICE). Found that odeat sodium in microemulsions dissociates into positively charged Na + ions and negatively charged ion of the rest of surfactants molecule. Last ion forms hydrogen bond with water molecule. This reduces the dissociation energy of hydrogen bonds between water molecules and energy of evaporation in internal combustion engines.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>двигатель внутреннего сгорания</kwd>
    <kwd>водно-топливная эмульсия</kwd>
    <kwd>поверхностно активное вещество</kwd>
    <kwd>инфракрасная спектроскопия</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>the internal combustion engine</kwd>
    <kwd>water-fuel emulsion</kwd>
    <kwd>surface active substances</kwd>
    <kwd>infrared spectroscopy</kwd>
    <kwd>free molecules of water</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Commission regulation (EU) № 582/2011 of 25 May 2011 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) № 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles (Euro VI) and amending Annexes I and III to Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council // Official Journal of the European Union. 2011. June 25.L 167/1.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Commission regulation (EU) № 582/2011 of 25 May 2011 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) № 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles (Euro VI) and amending Annexes I and III to Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council // Official Journal of the European Union. 2011. June 25.L 167/1.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельник Г.В. Технологии снижения вредных выбросов дизелей. Состояние и перспективы развития (по материалам конгресса CIMAK 2010) // Двигателестроение. 2011. № 4 (246). С. 48-56.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mel'nik G.V. Tehnologii snizheniya vrednyh vybrosov dizeley. Sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya (po materialam kongressa CIMAK 2010) // Dvigatelestroenie. 2011. № 4 (246). S. 48-56.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ложкин В.Н., Гавкалюк Б.В., Веттегрень В.И. О связи молекулярной структуры водно-топливных эмульсий с экологической безопасностью транспортных двигателей // Проблемы управления рисками в техносфере. 2013. № 2 (26). С. 43-50.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lozhkin V.N., Gavkalyuk B.V., Vettegren' V.I. O svyazi molekulyarnoy struktury vodno-toplivnyh emul'siy s ekologicheskoy bezopasnost'yu transportnyh dvigateley // Problemy upravleniya riskami v tehnosfere. 2013. № 2 (26). S. 43-50.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Couzist A., Gulari E. Adsorption of Sodium Laurate from Its Aqueous Solution onto an Alumina Surface. A Dynamic Study of the Surface-Surfactant Interaction Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy // Langmuir. 1993. Vol. 9. P. 3414-3421.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Couzist A., Gulari E. Adsorption of Sodium Laurate from Its Aqueous Solution onto an Alumina Surface. A Dynamic Study of the Surface-Surfactant Interaction Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy // Langmuir. 1993. Vol. 9. P. 3414-3421.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varma R.P., Kumar U., Sangal P. Characterization of Sodium Soap and their Refractive Index Studies in Metanol // Chemistry: an Asian Journal. 2000. Vol. 12. N. 3. P. 659-662.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varma R.P., Kumar U., Sangal P. Characterization of Sodium Soap and their Refractive Index Studies in Metanol // Chemistry: an Asian Journal. 2000. Vol. 12. N. 3. P. 659-662.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
