<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="EDITORIAL" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">NATURAL AND MAN-MADE RISKS (PHYSICO-MATHEMATICAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS)</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">NATURAL AND MAN-MADE RISKS (PHYSICO-MATHEMATICAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS)</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ПРИРОДНЫЕ И ТЕХНОГЕННЫЕ РИСКИ (ФИЗИКО-МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ И ПРИКЛАДНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ)</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2307-7476</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92689</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.61260/2307-7476-2024-2023-1-51-59</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ФИЗИКО-МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЛИКВИДАЦИИ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЙ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL ASPECTS OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ФИЗИКО-МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЛИКВИДАЦИИ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЙ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">WAYS TO FIGHT FOREST FIRES</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>СПОСОБЫ БОРЬБЫ С ЛЕСНЫМИ ПОЖАРАМИ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Яценко</surname>
       <given-names>Мария Евгеньевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Yacenko</surname>
       <given-names>Mariya E.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution>
     <country>RU</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution>
     <country>RU</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-25T16:55:33+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-25T16:55:33+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>2023</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>51</fpage>
   <lpage>59</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-20T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2022</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-01-10T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>10</day>
     <month>01</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.igps.ru/en/nauka/article/92689/view">https://journals.igps.ru/en/nauka/article/92689/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Рассмотрены виды лесных пожаров, их основные причины, а также методы, которые используются для борьбы с ними в России и за рубежом. Существует несколько видов лесных пожаров: низовой, верховой и торфяной. Иногда в отдельную категорию выделяют горение валежников и пятнистый пожар. Наиболее частой причиной пожаров является человек и его деятельность (весенний пал травы, непотушенные костры, выброшенные окурки, разбитые бутылки и прочий мусор). Способы борьбы с лесными пожарами подразделяются на две категории: превентивные методы (недопущение лесных пожаров) и методы тушения лесных пожаров. Были сделаны выводы о наиболее часто используемых способах борьбы с различными видами лесных пожаров.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>In this paper, the types of forest fires, the main causes of forest fires, as well as methods used to combat forest fires in Russia and abroad were considered. There are several types of forest fires: grassroots, riding level and peat fire. Sometimes a separate category is distinguished by the ignition of dead wood and a spotted fire. The most common cause of fires is a person and his activities (spring grass fall, unkempt fires, discarded cigarette butts, broken bottles and other garbage). Methods of fighting forest fires are divided into two categories: preventive methods (prevention of forest fires) and methods of extinguishing forest fires. Conclusions were drawn about the most commonly used methods of fighting for various types of forest fires.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>лесные пожары</kwd>
    <kwd>тушение</kwd>
    <kwd>профилактика</kwd>
    <kwd>противопожарный разрыв</kwd>
    <kwd>искусственные осадки</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>forest fires</kwd>
    <kwd>extinguishing</kwd>
    <kwd>prevention</kwd>
    <kwd>fire gap</kwd>
    <kwd>artificial precipitation</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рослесхоз: каждое третье дерево в российском лесу – лиственница // Министерство природных ресурсов. URL:  https://www.mnr.gov.ru/press/news/rosleskhoz_kazhdoe_trete_derevo_v_rossiyskom_lesu_listvennitsa/?special_version=Y (дата обращения: 16.12.2022).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosleskhoz: kazhdoe tret'e derevo v rossijskom lesu – listvennica // Ministerstvo prirodnyh resursov. URL:  https://www.mnr.gov.ru/press/news/rosleskhoz_kazhdoe_trete_derevo_v_rossiyskom_lesu_listvennitsa/?special_version=Y (data obrashcheniya: 16.12.2022).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">О состоянии защиты населения и территорий Российской Федерации от чрезвычайных ситуаций природного и техногенного характера в 2021 году: гос. доклад. URL:  https://mchs.gov.ru/dokumenty/5946 (дата обращения: 16.12.2022).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O sostoyanii zashchity naseleniya i territorij Rossijskoj Federacii ot chrezvychajnyh situacij prirodnogo i tekhnogennogo haraktera v 2021 godu: gos. doklad. URL:  https://mchs.gov.ru/dokumenty/5946 (data obrashcheniya: 16.12.2022).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гнусов М.А., Малюков С.В., Петков А.Ф. Виды и характеристики лесных пожаров // Воронежский научно-технический вестник. 2020. № 1 (31). С. 140–146.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gnusov M.A., Malyukov S.V., Petkov A.F. Vidy i harakteristiki lesnyh pozharov // Voronezhskij nauchno-tekhnicheskij vestnik. 2020. № 1 (31). S. 140–146.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jin R., Lee K. Investigation of forest fire characteristics in North Korea using remote sensing data and GIS // Remote Sensing. 2022. № 14 (22). DOI: 10.3390/rs14225836.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jin R., Lee K. Investigation of forest fire characteristics in North Korea using remote sensing data and GIS // Remote Sensing. 2022. № 14 (22). DOI: 10.3390/rs14225836.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The effects of large-scale forest disturbances on hydrology – an overview with special emphasis on karst aquifer systems / U. Vilhar [et al.] // Earth-Science Reviews. 2022. № 235. DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104243.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The effects of large-scale forest disturbances on hydrology – an overview with special emphasis on karst aquifer systems / U. Vilhar [et al.] // Earth-Science Reviews. 2022. № 235. DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104243.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou Q., Zhang H., Wu Z. Effects of forest fire prevention policies on probability and drivers of forest fires in the boreal forests of china during different periods // Remote Sensing. 2022. № 14 (22). DOI: 10.3390/rs14225724.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou Q., Zhang H., Wu Z. Effects of forest fire prevention policies on probability and drivers of forest fires in the boreal forests of china during different periods // Remote Sensing. 2022. № 14 (22). DOI: 10.3390/rs14225724.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chicas S.D., Østergaard Nielsen J. Who are the actors and what are the factors that are used in models to map forest fire susceptibility? A systematic review // Natural Hazards. 2022. № 114 (3). P. 2417–2434. DOI: 10.1007/s11069-022-05495-5.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chicas S.D., Østergaard Nielsen J. Who are the actors and what are the factors that are used in models to map forest fire susceptibility? A systematic review // Natural Hazards. 2022. № 114 (3). P. 2417–2434. DOI: 10.1007/s11069-022-05495-5.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Халдина Е.А. Математическое моделирование распространения верховых лесных пожаров с учетом противопожарных преград // Векторы благополучия: экономика и социум. 2013. № 4 (10). С. 98–103.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haldina E.A. Matematicheskoe modelirovanie rasprostraneniya verhovyh lesnyh pozharov s uchetom protivopozharnyh pregrad // Vektory blagopoluchiya: ekonomika i socium. 2013. № 4 (10). S. 98–103.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Analysis of the efficiency of combined barrier strips for localizing the burning of needles and leafage / A.O. Zhdanova [et al.] // Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics. 2022. № 95 (4). P. 939–944. DOI: 10.1007/s10891-022-02550-7.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Analysis of the efficiency of combined barrier strips for localizing the burning of needles and leafage / A.O. Zhdanova [et al.] // Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics. 2022. № 95 (4). P. 939–944. DOI: 10.1007/s10891-022-02550-7.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ковтун К.А., Потапова С.О. Проблемные вопросы оптимизации средств и способов тушения лесных пожаров // Пожарная безопасность: проблемы и перспективы. 2018. № 9. С. 391–394.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovtun K.A., Potapova S.O. Problemnye voprosy optimizacii sredstv i sposobov tusheniya lesnyh pozharov // Pozharnaya bezopasnost': problemy i perspektivy. 2018. № 9. S. 391–394.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оськина Т.В. Профилактика лесных пожаров // Студенческие научные исследования: сб. статей IX Междунар. науч.-практ. конф.: в 2-х ч. Пенза: Наука и Просвещение, 2021. С. 122–125.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Os'kina T.V. Profilaktika lesnyh pozharov // Studencheskie nauchnye issledovaniya: sb. statej IX Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf.: v 2-h ch. Penza: Nauka i Prosveshchenie, 2021. S. 122–125.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подрезов Ю.В. Особенности, перспективные способы, средства и технологии борьбы с лесными пожарами – источниками чрезвычайных лесопожарных ситуаций // Технологии гражданской безопасности. 2021. № 1 (67). С. 36–39.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Podrezov Yu.V. Osobennosti, perspektivnye sposoby, sredstva i tekhnologii bor'by s lesnymi pozharami – istochnikami chrezvychajnyh lesopozharnyh situacij // Tekhnologii grazhdanskoj bezopasnosti. 2021. № 1 (67). S. 36–39.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рамазанова К.С., Вестов Ф.А. Особенности профилактики лесных пожаров и уголовная ответственность за их возникновение в Российской Федерации // Правовые институты и методы обеспечения экологической и природоресурсной безопасности в России, странах СНГ и Европейского союза: законодательство, социальная и экологическая эффективность: сб. науч. статей по материалам VI Междунар. науч.-практ. конф. преподавателей, практических сотрудников, студентов, магистрантов, аспирантов. Саратов: Изд-во «Саратовский источник», 2019. С. 125–127.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramazanova K.S., Vestov F.A. Osobennosti profilaktiki lesnyh pozharov i ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za ih vozniknovenie v Rossijskoj Federacii // Pravovye instituty i metody obespecheniya ekologicheskoj i prirodoresursnoj bezopasnosti v Rossii, stranah SNG i Evropejskogo soyuza: zakonodatel'stvo, social'naya i ekologicheskaya effektivnost': sb. nauch. statej po materialam VI Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. prepodavatelej, prakticheskih sotrudnikov, studentov, magistrantov, aspirantov. Saratov: Izd-vo «Saratovskij istochnik», 2019. S. 125–127.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahdi A.S., Mahmood S.A. Analysis of deep learning methods for early wildfire detection systems: review // Paper presented at the IICETA 2022: 5th International Conference on Engineering Technology and its Applications. 2022. P. 271–276. DOI: 10.1109/IICETA54559.2022.9888515.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahdi A.S., Mahmood S.A. Analysis of deep learning methods for early wildfire detection systems: review // Paper presented at the IICETA 2022: 5th International Conference on Engineering Technology and its Applications. 2022. P. 271–276. DOI: 10.1109/IICETA54559.2022.9888515.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gazizov A.M., Popova E.V., Yangirova R.R. Analysis of innovative ways to eliminate forest fires in order to minimize environmental damage // Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2022. № 981 (3). DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/981/3/032027.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gazizov A.M., Popova E.V., Yangirova R.R. Analysis of innovative ways to eliminate forest fires in order to minimize environmental damage // Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2022. № 981 (3). DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/981/3/032027.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drones and blockchain integration to manage forest fires in remote regions / D. Mahmudnia [et al.] // Drones. 2022. № 6 (11). DOI: 10.3390/drones6110331.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drones and blockchain integration to manage forest fires in remote regions / D. Mahmudnia [et al.] // Drones. 2022. № 6 (11). DOI: 10.3390/drones6110331.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grari M. Using IOT and ML for forest fire detection, monitoring, and prediction: a literature review // Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology. 2022. № 100 (19). P. 5445–5461.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grari M. Using IOT and ML for forest fire detection, monitoring, and prediction: a literature review // Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology. 2022. № 100 (19). P. 5445–5461.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khachumov M., Khachumov V. Optimization models of UAV route planning for forest fire monitoring // Paper presented at the Proceedings – 2022: International Russian Automation Conference, RusAutoCon. 2022.  P. 272–277. DOI: 10.1109/RusAutoCon54946.2022.9896260.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khachumov M., Khachumov V. Optimization models of UAV route planning for forest fire monitoring // Paper presented at the Proceedings – 2022: International Russian Automation Conference, RusAutoCon. 2022.  P. 272–277. DOI: 10.1109/RusAutoCon54946.2022.9896260.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данилова С.С., Николаева В.М. Обнаружение лесных пожаров. Методы тушения лесных пожаров  // Научно-практический электронный журнал Аллея Науки. 2018. № 10 (26).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danilova S.S., Nikolaeva V.M. Obnaruzhenie lesnyh pozharov. Metody tusheniya lesnyh pozharov // Nauchno-prakticheskij elektronnyj zhurnal Alleya Nauki. 2018. № 10 (26).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никищенко Н.Г. Особенности организации тушения лесных пожаров // Мировая наука. 2019. № 12 (33). С. 291–293.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikishchenko N.G. Osobennosti organizacii tusheniya lesnyh pozharov // Mirovaya nauka. 2019. № 12 (33). S. 291–293.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гоман П.Н., Баев Н.Н. Анализ современных методов и способов тушения лесных пожаров // Проблемы обеспечения безопасности людей при пожаре и взрыве: сб. материалов VII Междунар. заочной науч.-практ. конф. Минск: УГЗ, 2021. С. 6–15.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goman P.N., Baev N.N. Analiz sovremennyh metodov i sposobov tusheniya lesnyh pozharov // Problemy obespecheniya bezopasnosti lyudej pri pozhare i vzryve: sb. materialov VII Mezhdunar. zaochnoj nauch.-prakt. konf. Minsk: UGZ, 2021. S. 6–15.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monitoring of forest fires and their consequences / S.E. Anisimov [et al.] // Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2022. № 1010 (1). DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012070.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monitoring of forest fires and their consequences / S.E. Anisimov [et al.] // Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2022. № 1010 (1). DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012070.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The firefighting soil-thrower for laying mineralized strips and extinguishing wildfires / E.M. Tsarev [et al.] // Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2022. № 1010 (1). DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012099.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The firefighting soil-thrower for laying mineralized strips and extinguishing wildfires / E.M. Tsarev [et al.] // Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2022. № 1010 (1). DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012099.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laboratory studies of extinguishing a forest ground fire with soil / M. Gnusov [et. al] // Paper presented at the AIP Conference Proceedings. 2022. № 2467. DOI: 10.1063/5.0094294.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laboratory studies of extinguishing a forest ground fire with soil / M. Gnusov [et al.] // Paper presented at the AIP Conference Proceedings. 2022. № 2467. DOI: 10.1063/5.0094294.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
