Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Annual mudflow in the floodplains of mountain rivers, where the most suitable land for economic activity is concentrated, is particularly dangerous. Large mudflows block the main riverbed and pose a threat of flooding of significant territories, destruction of vital facilities and a threat to human life. The aim of the work is to prevent emergencies related to the movement of solid runoff downstream of mountain rivers, causing mudslides, by creating filtration and accumulation zones in which stocks of inert building materials accumulate. At the end of the flood period, the extraction of inert materials from this zone is organized, followed by the production of building materials and the preparation of the exhausted space of the filtration and accumulation zone for the next flood season. The feasibility of processing the high-mountain dumps of the Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum plant is substantiated. The beneficial use of technogenic mineral raw materials will allow for the prevention of emergency flood situations and pollution of territories related to technogenic debris flow formation. The proposed technology not only eliminates emergencies caused by debris flows but also turns debris flows into a constructive factor, creating renewable deposits of inert construction materials.
floodplains of mountain rivers, gully formation, emergencies, debris accumulation zone, solid flow content, gravel-boulder component, solid filtration zone
1. Hashirova T.Yu. Issledovanie perenosa nanosov i raspredelenie mutnosti v potoke dlya ohrany predgornyh agrolandshaftov // Trudy Kubanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. Special'nyj vypusk. 2008. № 13. S. 113–118.
2. Hadzhiev M.M. Ocenka selevoj opasnosti rajona g. Tyrnyauza: avtoref. dis. … kand. geogr. nauk. Nal'chik: VGI, 2005. 17 s.
3. Haustov V.V. O migracii rudnyh elementov v podzemnyh i poverhnostnyh vodah (na primere odnogo iz skarnovyh mestorozhdenij Severnogo Kavkaza) // Vestnik Leningradskogo un-ta. Ser. 7: Geologiya, geografiya. 1988. Vyp. 2. № 14. S. 78–79.
4. Haustov V.V. Formirovanie podzemnyh vod rajona vol'fram-molibdenovogo mestorozhdeniya Tyrnyauz i voprosy ohrany bassejna reki Baksan ot zagryazneniya: avtoref. dis. ... kand. geologo-mineralogicheskih nauk. L., 1990. 22 s.
5. Gagoshidze M.S. Selevye yavleniya i bor'ba s nimi. Tbilisi: Sabieta sakartvelo, 1970. 386 s.
6. Kuznecov K.L., Chalov R.S. Ruslovye processy i morfologiya rusel gornyh rek v usloviyah aktivnoj selevoj deyatel'nosti (na primere rek severnogo sklona Zailijskogo Alatau) // Geomorfologiya. 1988. № 2.
7. Ruslovye processy na rekah zon perekhoda ot gor k ravninam i ih regulirovanie / K. Kshemen' [i dr.] // Erozionnye i ruslovye processy. M.: MGU, 2005. Vyp. 4.
8. Chalov R.S. Gornye reki i reki v gorah: prodol'nyj profil', morfologiya i dinamika rusel // Geomorfologiya. 2002. № 3.
9. Gidrologiya ust'ev rek Tereka i Sulaka. M.: Nauka, 1993.
10. A comparison of coarse bedload transport measured with bedload traps and Helley-Smith Samplers / K. Bunte [et al.] // Geodinamica Acta. 2008. № 21. P. 53–66.
11. Montgomery D.R., Buffington J.M. Channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins // GSA Bulletin. 1997. № 109 (5). P. 596–611.
12. Ryan S.E., Bunte K., Potyondy J.P. Breakout session II, Bedload-transport measurement: Data needs, uncertainty, and new technologies. Smart G.M., Habersack H.M. Pressure fluctuations and gravel entrainment in rivers // Journal of Hydraulic Research. 2007. № 45:5. P. 661–673.
13. Bed load transport under different streambed conditions – a field experiment study in a mountain stream / G.A. Yu [et al.] // International Journal of Sediment Research. 2012. № 27. P. 426–438.
14. Wang Zh., Lee Joseph H.W., Melching S. River Dynamics and Integrated River Management // Springer and Tsinghua Publisher. 2014.
15. Berkovich K.M., Zlotina L.V., Turykin L.A. Prirodno-orientirovannye podhody k dobyche allyuvial'nyh stroitel'nyh materialov iz rechnyh rusel i pojm // Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. 2012. Vyp. 3. S. 3–12.
16. Morfologiya rusel i sovremennyj ruslovoj allyuvij na gornyh rekah Zapadnogo Tyan'-Shanya / O.A. Borsuk [i dr.] // Geomorfologiya. 1981. № 1.
17. Konnov V.I. Metodologiya ocenki ekologicheskogo sostoyaniya malyh rek i ih zashchity ot vliyaniya gornogo proizvodstva (na primere Vostochnogo Zabajkal'ya): avtoref. dis… d-ra tekhn. nauk. M., 2008.
18. Kopaliani Z.D., Tvalavadze O.A., Noselidze L.V. Gidravlicheskoe modelirovanie ruslovogo processa predgornogo uchastka r. Anosovki na mostovom perekhode // Voprosy gidravliki i ruslovogo processa gornyh rek. 1992. Vyp. 3. S. 88–106.
19. Berkovich K.M. Ruslovye processy i ruslovye kar'ery. M.: MGU, 2005.
20. Karpova Zh.V. Proektirovanie i tekhnologiya ekologicheski bezopasnoj ekspluatacii resursov pojm nagornyh rek // Vestnik ZabGU. 2015. № 2 (117). S. 21–25.
21. Karpova Zh.V. Sovershenstvovanie ekologicheski bezopasnoj tekhnologii otkrytoj razrabotki mineral'nogo syr'ya v pojmah nagornyh rek: avtoref. dis. … kand. tekhn. nauk. Novocherkassk: YURGPU, 2019. 22 s.
22. Sposob dobychi inertnyh materialov: pat. Ros. Federacii № 2 476673 / Hakulov V.A., Sekisov A.G., Ignatov V.N., Borovkov Yu.A., Hakulova Zh.V., Ksenofontov A.S.; Byul. I. 2013. № 6.
