employee from 01.01.2025 until now
Odintsovo, Moscow, Russian Federation
The article analyzes the definition of «security» as one of the key and at the same time the most controversial categories of the modern theory of law of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing complexity of external and internal threats, while there is no legal definition of the concept of «security» in the fundamental regulatory legal act of the Russian Federation and basic federal laws, which creates legal uncertainty and risks of broad interpretation when restricting the rights and freedoms of citizens. The purpose of the work is a comprehensive study of the conceptual foundations and problems of regulatory consolidation of the category «safety». To achieve this goal, systematic, formal-legal and comparative-legal methods of analysis were used, which made it possible to study both doctrinal approaches and the content of regulatory legal acts and strategic planning documents. As a result of the study, it was found that the existing legal vacuum is partially compensated by doctrinal acts, primarily the National Security Strategy, where this category is defined through the triad «personality–society–state». It is revealed that there is a fundamental debate in the legal science about the expediency of introducing a strict legislative definition. The differentiation of related concepts («state security» and «state security») is analyzed and the role of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in their interpretation is shown. Effective security in a democratic State does not depend on rigid legal formulations, but on a flexible legal system. The main thing is to maintain a balance between protecting national interests and human rights, especially in the face of such a threat as terrorism. The scientific novelty lies in the substantiation of a proactive approach to security as an integrated system requiring coordination of actions at all levels of government and society.
security, national security, theory of law, legal definition, legal uncertainty, strategic planning documents, balance of constitutional values, restriction of rights and freedoms, threats to security, countering terrorism
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