Russian Federation
Russian Federation
The paper presents a critical analysis and review of statistical and research data on vehicle fires caused by overheated thermocatalytic systems, and the analysis of methods for investigation and diagnosis of fire hazardous modes of thermocatalytic systems exploitation. It was established that overheating of thermocatalytic systems (up to 1 000 oS or more) leads to an increase in the fire risk. The overheating is mainly associated with the incorrect operation of the electronic fuel injection system, the passage and delayed ignition, the supply of excess fuel to the engine cylinders, and the use of poor -quality fuels. The original methodology for diagnosing fire hazardous modes of thermocatalytic systems revealing relationships between changes in exhaust pollutants quantity and failures of fuel equipment affecting the quality of the fuel-air mixture formation, the fullness of fuel combustion and conversion of harmful substances is also described.
vehicle fires, catalytic converter, diesel particulate filter, fire hazardous exploitation
1. Trofimenko Yu.V., Komkov V.I. Aktualizirovannyj prognoz chislennosti, struktury avtomobil'nogo parka Rossii po tipu energoustanovok i vybrosov parnikovyh gazov do 2050 goda // Vestnik Sibirskogo gosudarstvennogo avtomobil'no-dorozhnogo universiteta. 2023. T. 20. № 3 (91). S. 350–361. DOI:https://doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2023-20-3-350-361.
2. Lozhkina O.V., Mal'chikov K.B. Cravnitel'nyj analiz probegovyh vybrosov avtomobilej na razlichnyh vidah topliva pri dorozhnyh zatorah // Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov. 2024. № 2 (103). S. 133–143. DOI:https://doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2024-21-2-133-143.
3. Lozhkin V.N., Lozhkina O.V. Povyshenie kachestva informacionnoj podderzhki kontrolya zagryazneniya atmosfernogo vozduha pollyutantami avtotransporta na primere Sankt-Peterburga // Voda i ekologiya: problemy i resheniya. 2021. № 2 (86). S. 65–74. DOI:https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.65-74.
4. Lozhkin V.N., Kalimullina I.F., Sagirov E.A. Kontrol' chrezvychajnogo zagryazneniya vozduha transportom Sankt-Peterburga po kriteriyam nanosimogo ushcherba // Problemy upravleniya riskami v tekhnosfere. 2024. № 2 (70). S. 95–101. DOI:https://doi.org/10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-95-101.
5. Recent Advances in the Development of Automotive Catalytic Converters: A Systematic Review / L. Robles-Lorite [et al.] // Energies. 2023. Vol. 16 (18). P. 6425. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186425.
6. Lozhkina O.V., Onishchenko I.A. Metodika ocenki vybrosov opasnyh komponentov otrabotavshih gazov pri puske i progreve dvigatelej avtotransportnyh sredstv v klimaticheskih usloviyah Arktiki // Nauch.-analit. zhurn. «Vestnik S.-Peterb. un-ta GPS MCHS Rossii». 2020. № 3. S. 30–37.
7. Gao J., Tian G., Sorniotti A. On the emission reduction through the application of an electrically heated catalyst to a diesel vehicle // Energy Science & Engineering. 2019. Vol. 7 (6). P. 2383–2397. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.416.
8. Gavkalyuk B.V., Lozhkin V.N. Nauchnye osnovy preduprezhdeniya vozgoraniya avtomobil'nyh nejtralizatorov v ekspluatacii // Problemy upravleniya riskami v tekhnosfere. 2023. № 4 (68). S. 100–105.
9. Lozhkin V.N. Teoreticheskie osnovy i praktika diagnostiki ekologo-pozharoopasnyh avarijnyh rezhimov ekspluatacii kataliticheskih sistem avtotransporta // Mir transporta i tekhnologicheskih mashin. 2023. № 1–2 (80). S. 74–80. DOI:https://doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2023-2(80)-1-74-80.
10. Modeling and deterioration diagnosis of catalyst on vehicle by variable forgetting factor-based on-line identification method / S. Hashimoto [et al.] // 14th IFAC Symposium on System Identification. Newcastle, Australia, 2006. P. 1364–1369.
11. De Almeida P.R., Nakamura A.L., Sodré J.R. Evaluation of catalytic converter aging for vehicle operation with ethanol // Applied Thermal Engineering. 2014. Vol. 71. Iss. 1. P. 335–341. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.06.069.
12. Dehaan J., Kirk P., Icove D. Kirk's fire investigation. 7th. London, England: Pearson; 2011. 763 p.
13. Analysis on Vehicle Fires Caused by Damage of Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) / J.-Yu. Song [et al.] // J. Kor. Inst. Fire Sci. Eng. 2012. Vol. 26. № 4. P. 70–76. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2012.26.4.070.
14. Recent Advances in the Development of Automotive Catalytic Converters: A Systematic Review / L. Robles-Lorite [et al.] // Energies. 2023. Vol. 16 (18). 6425. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186425/.
15. Onishchenko I.A. Metodika prognozirovaniya chrezvychajnogo zagryazneniya vozduha gorodov arkticheskoj zony avtotransportom: dis. … kand. tekhn. nauk. SPb.: S.-Peterb. un-t GPS MCHS Rossii. 181 s.
16. Lee Eui-Pyeong. Analysis of a Car Fire Case Caused by the Overheating of a Diesel Particulate Filter // Fire Science and Engineering. 2017. Vol. 31. Iss. 1. P. 89–97. DOI:https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2017.31.1.089.
17. Experimental Study on a Fire Caused by Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration / Sun Jae Kim [et al.] // Fire Sci. Eng. 2023. Vol. 37. № 5. P. 53–57. DOI:https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.9291ed74.
18. The influence of temperature on the deactivation of commercial Pd/Rh automotive catalysts / D.M. Fernandes [et al.] // Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2009. Vol. 87. Iss. 5. P. 315–322. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2009.05.002.
19. Thermal and chemical aging of model three-way catalyst Pd/Al2O3 and its impact on the conversion of CNG vehicle exhaust / Kumar Matam [et al.] // Catalysis Today. 2012. Vol. 184. Iss. 1. P. 237–244. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2011.09.030.
20. Effects of Engine Operating Conditions on Catalytic Converter Temperature in an SI Engine / S. Lee [et al.] // Society of Automotive Engineers. 2002. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1677.
21. Osipov D.V. Metodika prognozirovaniya effektivnosti i pozharnoj bezopasnosti nejtralizatorov transportnyh sredstv: dis. … kand. tekhn. nauk. SPb.: S.-Peterb. un-t GPS MCHS Rossii, 2011. 165 c.
22. Gavkalyuk B.V., Lozhkin V.N. Obespechenie pozharnoj bezopasnosti slozhnyh elektronno-upravlyaemyh termokataliticheskih sistem dvigatelej vnutrennego sgoraniya: teoreticheskie osnovy, diagnostirovanie // Prirodnye i tekhnogennye riski (fiziko-matematicheskie i prikladnye aspekty). 2023. № 4 (48). S. 15–22.
23. Lozhkin V.N. Teoreticheskie i prikladnye aspekty obespecheniya kompleksnoj pozharno-ekologicheskoj bezopasnosti toplivno-kataliticheskih sistem v perspektive ustojchivogo razvitiya mezhdunarodnyh perevozok // Problemy mezhdunarodnoj transportnoj politiki: materialy Mezhdunar. konf. M., 2022. S. 70–75.
24. Lozhkin V.N. Teoriya i praktika diagnostiki pozharoopasnyh rezhimov ekspluatacii kataliticheskih nejtralizatorov // Pozharovzryvobezopasnost'. 2022. T. 31. № 3. S. 65–74. DOI:https://doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2022.31.03.65-74.
25. Lozhkin V.H. Teoriya i praktika bezrazbornoj diagnostiki i kataliticheskoj nejtralizacii otrabotavshih gazov dizelej: dis. … d-ra tekhn. nauk. SPb.: GTU, 1995. 444 s.
