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LAW. SAFETY. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
Journals / LAW. SAFETY. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS / Issue 3, 2026 / PROBLEMS OF DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN PORNOGRAPHY AND EROTICA IN THE CONTEXT OF CRIMINAL LAW QUALIFICATION
UDC 343.9

PROBLEMS OF DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN PORNOGRAPHY AND EROTICA IN THE CONTEXT OF CRIMINAL LAW QUALIFICATION

Published in LAW. SAFETY. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS · Issue 3, 2026 · Pages 126–134 · Rubric: CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
DOI: https://doi.org/10.61260/2074-1626-2026-3-126-134
Received: 23.03.2026 Accepted: 17.09.2026 Published: 05.10.2026
Authors
MA
Mariya Kochkina
SPIN
NI
Nikita Logunov
ABSTRACT
This article addresses a pressing issue in criminal law doctrine and law enforcement: distinguishing between the concepts of «pornography» and «erotica», which is crucial for the proper classification of crimes against public morality. The paper substantiates the need to develop objective criteria for differentiating these categories to eliminate subjectivity and ensure a balance between constitutional artistic freedom and the protection of the nation's moral health. In the course of the study, the authors applied a range of methodological approaches, including general scientific methods (systemic-structural analysis, generalization) and specialized legal methods. Key problematic aspects of qualification under Articles 242–242.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation have been identified and examined, such as the absence of legal definitions in the criminal law, the excessive dependence of the court on the subjective conclusions of comprehensive expert examinations, and the blurring of the boundaries between art and prohibited content in the context of digital transformation.. The obtained results allowed the formulation of specific proposals for improving legislation and investigative practice. Thus, the main measures for resolving the identified problems include the developed author's criteria for distinguishing between pornography and erotica.
KEYWORDS
pornography, eroticism, distinction, aesthetics, artistic value, distinction criteria, public morality, evaluative categories
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