Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Long-term operation of fire alarm systems, even with routine maintenance, often leads to untimely detection of a fire. Due to the possibility of contamination, dust and, as a consequence, a decrease in the sensitivity of smoke fire detectors, their normal operation will be in question. The use of smoke detectors in the process of maintenance that do not simulate the optical density of the environment corresponding to a real fire leads to the fact that in the event of a real fire, the possibility of timely detection of dangerous factors is reduced. The work examines the problem of checking the installed fire alarm system for its effective functioning, as well as the possibility of ensuring safe evacuation when threshold smoke levels are reached. Mathematical modeling of smoke propagation is presented and comparative full-scale tests are carried out. Based on a series of experiments, an effective method has been proposed for testing a fire alarm system while simultaneously conducting exercises for the safe evacuation of personnel at a protected facility under conditions of a real decrease in visibility due to the appearance of smoke from a fire.
fire, fire alarm, smoke detectors, test fires, maintenance
1. Tekhnicheskij reglament o trebovaniyah pozharnoj bezopasnosti: Feder. zakon ot 22 iyulya 2008 g. № 123-FZ. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy «Konsul'tantPlyus».
2. Pozharnaya avtomatika: ucheb. posobie / N.F. Bubyr' [i dr.]. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Strojizdat, 1984. 208 s.
3. Evakuaciya i povedenie lyudej pri pozharah: ucheb. posobie / V.V. Holshchevnikov [i dr.]. M.: Akademiya GPS MCHS Rossii, 2015. 262 s.
4. Ekspertiza sistem pozharnoj signalizacii: ucheb. posobie / S.Yu. Boguckij [i dr.]. SPb., 2023.
5. Federal'nyj gosudarstvennyj pozharnyj nadzor: ucheb. / S.P. Voronov [i dr.]. SPb., 2023.
6. Bogomaz A.M. Processy dymoobrazovaniya pri pozhare v pomeshchenii // Bezopasnost' zhiznedeyatel'nosti predpriyatij v promyshlenno razvityh regionah: materialy HII Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. / pod red. S.G. Kostyuk. Kemerovo: KuzGTU, 2017.
7. Drajzdejl D. Vvedenie v dinamiku pozharov. M.: Strojizdat, 1990. 424 s.
8. Ob utverzhdenii metodiki opredeleniya raschetnyh velichin pozharnogo riska v zdaniyah, sooruzheniyah i pozharnyh otsekah razlichnyh klassov funkcional'noj pozharnoj opasnosti: prikaz MCHS Rossii ot 14 noyab. 2022 g. № 1140. Dostup iz inform.-pravovogo portala «Garant».
9. Karwat B., Stańczyk E., Górski A. Testing the reaction of fire detectors in various fire conditions // Bezpieczenstwo i Technika Pozarnicza. 2015. Vol. 37. № 1. P. 57-64.
10. Nan Chen, Tianwei Zhang, Zhibin Mei. Experimental study on the response characteristics of photoelectric smoke detectors below grid ceilings of different hollowing rate // Procedia Engineering. 2012. Vol. 45. P. 602-609.
11. Surikov A.V., Leshenyuk N.S. Raschet vidimosti v pomeshcheniyah v usloviyah pozhara s primeneniem programmnogo kompleksa FDS // Vestnik Universiteta grazhdanskoj zashchity MCHS Belarusi. 2018. T. 2. № 2. S. 147.
12. Vasil'ev M.A., Klochihin I.O., Nechaeva Yu.E. Opredelenie zavisimostej mezhdu kolichestvom chastic razlichnyh razmerov i opticheskoj plotnost'yu sredy pri raspylenii aerozolej, prednaznachennyh dlya proverki dymovyh pozharnyh izveshchatelej // Sovremennye issledovaniya v naukah o Zemle: retrospektiva, aktual'nye trendy i perspektivy vnedreniya: materialy IV Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. Astrahan', 2022. S. 58-61.
13. Brozovsky E., Motevalli V., Custer R.L.P. A first approximation method for smoke detector placement based on design fire size, critical velocity, and detector aerosol entry lag time // Fire Technol. № 31. P. 336-354.
